{"id":5331,"date":"2024-06-16T12:05:31","date_gmt":"2024-06-16T10:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/?p=5331"},"modified":"2024-06-16T12:06:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T10:06:31","slug":"eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Dear EAA members,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">It was a great pleasure to see Suzanne McCallum from University of Glasgow offering the EAA 2024 Classroom session. Some information on the event are below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Anastasia<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">EAA Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">It was an honour to present the classroom session at the EAA\u2019s 46<sup>th<\/sup> Annual Congress in Bucharest. I really enjoyed the engagement and interaction with fellow educators, and it\u2019s been great to hear from many of you, and to learn that you plan on trying innovations at your own institution. If you couldn\u2019t attend (or have had a hectic time since the conference and need a reminder) then here\u2019s a refresher of some of the main points.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>General idea:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Feedback is a process with students at the heart of it and comparison is the key driving force. Students can compare their work with a range of different sources of information to activate inner feedback processes, helping develop new understandings and performance improvement (as illustrated on the attached slides).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">When we talk about feedback what we tend to focus on and plan for are the comments students receive from peers or teachers (and therefore the comparisons they make between comments received and their own work). However, this is a narrow view and encourages students to be reliant on others, rather than being independent learners.\u00a0 So how can we change this?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">By thinking carefully and planning for a range of different comparisons (including comparison with information in resources) we can encourage students to move to deeper levels of learning and encourage critical thinking. So, to unlock the power of inner feedback, the decisions we need to make are:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Decide on a task for the students to complete. (This can be what you currently ask students to do.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Select resources for comparison (being careful with the selection as different comparators will take you to different places).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Formulate clear instructions and decide how to make the output explicit e.g. students update their work or write self-review comments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The session focused on computational work and demonstrated a range of comparators that could be used for a depreciation computation scenario. Cycles of comparison gradually led to deeper levels of critical thinking and evaluation. The comparators selected were:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Worked solution &#8211; what we traditionally provide. This helps students check the correctness of their solution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Expert video explanation \u2013 helps students focus on the process (rather than simply the correctness of the solution).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Extract from the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting \u2013 allowing students to make a direct comparison between theory and practice (therefore focusing on why they are completing such calculations).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">When I used this with my large first-year class, these comparisons were completed asynchronously pre-class. The comparators noted below were completed in-class and were the activities completed at the classroom session at the EAA.\u00a0 (The attached slides contain more detail, including instructions\/questions to guide the output for each task.) \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A worked solution with the depreciation assumptions changed \u2013 prompting students to consider the impact of professional judgment on the figures that appear in financial statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A peer discussion on the impact of professional judgment, trying to decide on the most appropriate depreciation policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Extract from the ethical code \u2013 prompting students to consider the role of a professional accountant and how this might impact on their decision making.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Try it yourself:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Participants were then invited to consider designing their own implementation (using the structure outlined in the slides). NOTE: it is not necessary to have an elaborate design, and something simpler than the example I demonstrated can have a big impact. The main thing to do is be creative and bold and try to think about comparators that are not necessarily the same format as the original work and that are not necessarily what you would traditionally use.\u00a0 My top tips are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">When selecting comparators, be bold and creative in your choice. It is also important to be clear on what you are trying to achieve (as different comparators will lead to different outcomes).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Provide clear instructions to the students and make the output explicit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Don\u2019t feel you need to comment on everything the students produce. You might want to take a look to get a feel for how they are progressing, but there is no need to provide feedback comments on this work (you are trying to help them be independent learners).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Explain to the students why you are doing things in this way, so they understand the thinking and see the benefits of engaging with the tasks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Share your thoughts and ideas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">I hope this has given many of you some food for thought on how to design and implement these ideas.\u00a0 My co-author (David Nicol) &amp; I would love to hear from you on how you are progressing, so please keep in touch at <a href=\"mailto:suzanne.mccallum@glasgow.ac.uk\">suzanne.mccallum@glasgow.ac.uk<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dear EAA members, It was a great pleasure to see Suzanne McCallum from University of Glasgow offering the EAA 2024 Classroom session. Some information on the event are below. Anastasia EAA Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills It was an honour to present the classroom session at the EAA\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2620,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[105,1],"tags":[2,176,175],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dear EAA members, It was a great pleasure to see Suzanne McCallum from University of Glasgow offering the EAA 2024 Classroom session. Some information on the event are below. Anastasia EAA Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills It was an honour to present the classroom session at the EAA\u2019s [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ARC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-06-16T10:05:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-16T10:06:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anastasia Kopita\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anastasia Kopita\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/\",\"name\":\"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-16T10:05:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-16T10:06:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#\/schema\/person\/3021670a0f0024286bf8477fb4afa4dd\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/\",\"name\":\"ARC\",\"description\":\"Advanced Resources Center\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#\/schema\/person\/3021670a0f0024286bf8477fb4afa4dd\",\"name\":\"Anastasia Kopita\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/members\/2620\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC","og_description":"Dear EAA members, It was a great pleasure to see Suzanne McCallum from University of Glasgow offering the EAA 2024 Classroom session. Some information on the event are below. Anastasia EAA Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills It was an honour to present the classroom session at the EAA\u2019s [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/","og_site_name":"ARC","article_published_time":"2024-06-16T10:05:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-06-16T10:06:31+00:00","author":"Anastasia Kopita","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Anastasia Kopita","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/","url":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/","name":"EAA 2024 Classroom Session \u2013 Using Active Feedback to Develop Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills - ARC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-06-16T10:05:31+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-16T10:06:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#\/schema\/person\/3021670a0f0024286bf8477fb4afa4dd"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/2024\/06\/16\/eaa-2024-classroom-session-using-active-feedback-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills\/"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#website","url":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/","name":"ARC","description":"Advanced Resources Center","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/#\/schema\/person\/3021670a0f0024286bf8477fb4afa4dd","name":"Anastasia Kopita","url":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/blog\/members\/2620\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5331"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2620"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5331"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5337,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5331\/revisions\/5337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eaa-online.org\/arc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}